安定面失控可以正常襟翼着陆，为什么失效只能襟翼15？
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">这是737飞行员经常会问的问题。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">「安定面配平不工作」和「安定面失控」这两个非正常检查单，在将安定面配平切断开关放到CUTOUT后，人工操纵手轮来配平：</span>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">为什么安定面配平不工作限定襟翼15着陆，而安定面失控没有限定着陆襟翼？</span></strong>
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<strong>安定面配平不工作</strong>
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<em>Stabilizer Trim Inoperative</em>
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安定面配平不工作非正常检查里要求使用襟翼15着陆。
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<strong>安定面失控</strong>
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<em>Runaway Stabilizer</em>
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安定面失控不正常检查单里并没有规定着陆襟翼。
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">这个其实和两个QRH设计应用的情景有关。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">很多人仅仅从字面意思来理解，安定失控要比安定面配平失效严重的多，<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">为什么失控了还可以正</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">常襟翼落地，失效了就只能襟翼15落地？</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">其实不是这样的。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">首先我们来看「安定面配平不工作」非正常检查单里申明的条件：</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">其实就是自动驾驶不能正确配平安定面，使用<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">主</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">电动配平也无法进行电动配平</span>。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span>
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<strong data-brushtype="text">#<strong data-brushtype="text" style="color: #fe7a09;font-size: 20px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: #f6f6f6;">安定面配平</strong></strong>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong data-brushtype="text"><strong data-brushtype="text" style="color: #000000;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: #f6f6f6;">不工作原因</strong></strong></span>
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<strong>0</strong><strong data-original-title="" title="">1</strong>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong data-brushtype="text">安定面配平马达故障</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">这是最常见的故障方式。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">这种情况下会使自动驾驶和驾驶盘电门的电配平失效，可以使用任一配平手轮进行人工配平。使用配平手轮人工配平安定面时，马达脱开离合器并没有断裂。</span>
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<strong>0</strong><strong data-original-title="" title="">2</strong>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong data-brushtype="text">安定面配平马达卡住或卡阻</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">该故障方式会使自动驾驶和驾驶盘电门的电配平失效，但仍然可以使用任一配平轮进行人工配平以克服卡阻。在这种情况下人工转动配平轮需要的力量要比在正常情况下更大。这种情况下脱开离合器开始起作用，机组在转动配平手轮时会产生棘轮感（齿轮啮合）。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">这种情况现在也经常会遇到，空中需要两只手或两个人同时才能转动配平手柄。<br/></span>
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<strong>0</strong><strong data-original-title="" title="">3</strong>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong data-brushtype="text">安定面丝杠（jackscrew）卡住或卡阻</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">丝杠卡住会使自动驾驶和驾驶盘电门的电配平失效以及人工配平失效，导致安定面无法配平。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #d92142;">由于无法改变安定面的卡阻状态，应通过将着陆襟翼限制在15单位来将安定面的配平需求降至最低。</span></strong>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">飞行测试表明，在安定面配平不起作用的情况下，飞机可以安全飞行并降落。</span>
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<strong>安定面配平不工作</strong>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;color: #000000;">为什么限定襟翼15？</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">「安定面配平不工作」非正常检查单里的襟翼15是针对最坏的情况编写的：安定面螺旋丝杆卡住。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">厂家选择在所有安定面配平不工作的情况下使用襟翼15着陆，以减少检查单的复杂性，从而消除了在这种情况下要判断失效原因和随之选择错误着陆襟翼的风险。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;color: #d92142;">▲</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">检查单第3步，如果可以人工配平安定面，就说明不是丝杠卡住；如果人工不能配平安定面，就说明是丝杆卡住。</span><br/>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">由于以上原因，737<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;background-color: #ffffff;">「</span>安定面配平不工作<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;background-color: #ffffff;">」</span>非正常检查单中要求着陆襟翼为：“襟翼15，绿灯”。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;background-color: #ffffff;letter-spacing: 2px;">再看</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;background-color: #ffffff;">「</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">安定面失控</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;background-color: #ffffff;">」非正常检查单：</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">安定面失控的条件可以通过安定面配平的连续不受控制的移动来识别，或者如果发生了不适合当前飞行状态的<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">安定面</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">配平</span>方式。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;">在手动飞行或接通自动驾驶的飞行过程中，自动安定面配平指令可以由速度配平系统或自动驾驶配平发出。由于安定面配平指令可以自动发出，飞行员需要考虑现有的飞行状态，以确定是否存在安定面失控的情况。例如，在速度、高度或构型改变期间，可能会发生一些安定面微调移动。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">虚线分隔符上方的步骤是记忆项目。</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">记忆项目中的决策点步骤使用“如果”，而不是“选择一项”这种结构，以便于记忆。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;">安定面配平切断后继续失控可能是由于螺旋丝杆制动系统故障造成的。如果飞行员松开配平手轮，失控可能会继续。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">此时仍然可以使用<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">任一手轮进行</span>手动配平。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">在这种情况下，由于马达由手轮反过来驱动，脱开离合器不会因手动配平而分离。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">可能需要两名飞行员的共同操作来克服安定面气动载荷和失去配平状态。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">所有正常的着陆襟翼设置都可用。</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">关于「安定面失控」非正常检查单更多的信息，可以参考FOTB 737-20-04。</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">综上，其实就是襟翼15单位着陆，是专门针对安定面卡住不能动的。「安定面配平不工作」非正常检查单存在安定面能人工配平和不能人工配平两种情况，为了简化防错，不管能不能手摇配平安定面，统一都将着陆襟翼设定为15单位。<br/></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;">而<span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">「</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">安定面失控</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;">」非正常检查单，安定面是能被人工配平所控制的，所以没有特定的着陆襟翼设定要求。</span></span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 2px;">
<span style="font-size: 15px;"><br/></span>
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