维护提示 ｜ 起飞警告测试你做对了吗？
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<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word ;box-sizing: border-box ;">飞机在起飞滑跑阶段，如果发生起飞形态警告，基本上都会中断起飞。通常需要滑回检查，很容易造成航班延误甚至取消。</span>
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<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word ;box-sizing: border-box ;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;">▲快速检查单内容</span></span>
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<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word ;box-sizing: border-box ;">所以机务在日常运行中会格外关注起飞警告系统。即便是在航前、航后工卡中没有要求执行起飞警告测试的情况下，很多机务上飞机后都习惯性地前推油门杆听听起飞警告音响，用于判定起飞警告系统是否正常。</span>
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<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word ;box-sizing: border-box ;">面对这种情况，我...</span>
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起飞警告系统简介
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<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">当飞机在地面不满足起飞构型或起飞后扰流板内锁活门未关闭时，由音响警告系统发出起飞警告，并点亮P1-3和P3-1上的起飞构型警告灯。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">起飞警告有两种模式：地面模式、空中模式。<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">地面模式——当飞机在地面前推油门杆超过53度时，如果存在以下任意情况，将触发起飞警告。<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">减速板手柄未放下</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">地面扰流板有压力</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">后缘襟翼未处于起飞位置，或存在倾斜或不对称情况，或存在非指令性运动情况</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">空中模式——当飞机在空中时，如果同时存在以下两种情况，将触发起飞警告。<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">地面扰流板内锁活门打开</span>
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案例分享
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1、今年1月，一架NG飞机航前机务反馈前推两个油门杆起飞警告喇叭不响，但两侧的起飞构型灯均点亮。进行AWM BITE测试A、B通道均正常，PSEU上进行起飞警告BITE测试正常，复位AWM跳开关P6-3 D18后正常。航后预防性更换AWM，后续飞机状态正常。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">参考SSM可知，各电门或组件在不同状态下通过PSEU内的与非门组合给音响警告组件和起飞构型指示灯提供接地信号，即触发起飞警告。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">由图可知，AWM和起飞警告继电器K21有共同的接地端，当满足起飞警告触发形态时只点亮灯光而喇叭不响，则大概率为音响喇叭的供电端异常，通过复位跳开关恢复正常加以验证。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">为何复位跳开关前进行AWM BITE测试是正常的？参考SSM和AWM的CMM可知<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">对应不同系统的音响警告，</span>AWM有几个不同供电端。<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">2、今年2月，一架NG飞机航后检查发现左发油门杆快速前推时起飞机警告不响，慢速前推正常，更换自动油门电门组件M1766，测试正常。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">通常机务进行这个测试时的警告触发逻辑如下图，满足3个条件（飞机在地面、设置停留刹车、前推油门杆）后，与门输出激励信号使AWM和起飞构型指示灯得到接地信号，触发警告。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">本例中当左发油门杆快推时，M1766里的S8电门作动异常，无法给出接地信号，从而无法触发起飞警告。<br></span>
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维护提示
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1、由于<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">起飞警告系统和气象雷达系统同时接收</span>M1766或M1767里的S8电门给出的接地信号，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">当飞机在地面</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">前推油门杆大于53度时，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">气象</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">雷达的PWS功能也会同时打开。所以<strong>在进行起飞警告测试时需要拔出气象雷达系统的跳开关</strong>，这一点被很多机务师傅所忽视。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">2、对于起飞警告系统故障，可参考FIM31-51 TASK803进行排故，但<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">现行有效的FIM中的初始评估内容似乎只针对空中发生的故障。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">就这一点问了波音，波音给出了以下解释：</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">The 737NG FIM 31-51 Task 803 should be referred to when a takeoff warning system fault (no warning or false warning) occurs in the air or on the ground. Step E. (1) should be done if the fault occurred in air. If the fault occurred on ground, then step E. (1) should be skipped, and the user should continue at step E. (2). The initial evaluation of the task will be changed to clarify that the user should start at step E. (2). if the fault occurred on the ground. This change is scheduled for the 15-Jun-2024 revision of the 737NG FIM 31-51.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">由起飞警告系统原理可知，起飞警告的触发逻辑就是系统中各电门能否给出接地信号，当故障稳定存在且是输入端的故障时，通过PSEU的输入监控页面很容易锁定故障点。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">FIM中也提到，对于输入端的故障，更换相关部件后无需进行完整的起飞警告系统测试，只需进行针对性的测试即可。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">3、</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">根据起飞警告系统设计原理和常见故障原因分析，如果在把油门杆放置到起飞推力后立刻发生起飞警告，则飞机可能确实存在不满足起飞构型的状态；如果达到</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">60节及以上高速时才发生起飞警告，则可能是由于部件失效或因跑道引起的强烈振动导致的部件临界超限引起，此时一般需要采取维修措施。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">对于高速起飞滑跑阶段发生起飞警告造成中断起飞的情况，波音曾下发MT（737 MT 31-012）。</span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">根据波音公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">司分析，因起飞警</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">告引起中断起飞后，在滑回机位</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">过程中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">，如果机组将油门杆放置到大于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">53度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">的位置</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">PSEU将再次检查起飞</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">警告</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">的输入参数。此时如果有任一输入不在起飞构型状态，将会再次产生起飞警告。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">PSEU存储的触发起飞警告的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">代码</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">将被刷新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 14px;">。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">因此，如果飞机在发生起飞警告后需要滑回，为确保起飞警告的原始触发代码能够保存在PSEU TOW REPORT NVM中，机组人员需注意在滑回过程中保持油门杆在53度以内。 </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">综上所述，波音建议在飞机高速滑跑时若因起飞警告而中断起飞，飞行机组和机务应按如下步骤处理，以将导致起飞警告的信息保存在PSEU中： </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">1、机组执行相关程序检查起飞构型是否正确。 </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">2、如果在滑跑速度等于或大于60kts时因起飞警告而中断起飞，波音建议： </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"> A.飞机滑回进行维修检查。 </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"> B.在滑回过程中，机组不要将油门杆推至超过正常的滑行适用的位置。 </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">3、机务确定出现起飞警告的原因： </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"> A.不要进行任何测试，也不要前推油门杆离开慢车位。 </span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"> B.参考FIM31-51 TASK822 读取 PSEU中的起飞警告报告。</span>
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